Plant disease reports from Europe also suggest an increase in the prevalence in that part of the world.

At the same time the disease has increased in importance in the USA, where it has caused damage to shelterbelt, amenity and Christmas tree crops of P. The pathogen is particularly damaging where trees are planted out of their host range, most notably in the Southern hemisphere where large commercial monocultures of susceptible species such as Pinus radiata have been planted in New Zealand and Chile. The fungus is believed to be endemic to pines in Central America and Nepal ( Evans, 1984 Ivory, 1994), where it is a foliar pathogen. Maladie des bandes rouges du pin strie rouge des aiguilles du pin taches circulaires du kakiĭothistroma-Nadelbraeune: Kiefer Nadelbraeune: Kieferĭothistroma septospora (the anamorphic form of the fungus) has spread rapidly around the world since its identification as a serious crop pathogen in Tanzania in 1957, and is now globally widespread.

1931 (anamorph)īlight: pine brown needle blight: pine circular: persimmon leaf spot Dothistroma needle blight needle blight: pine pine blight pine brown needle blight pine needle blight pine red band needle blight red band needle blight:pine red-band disease red-band fungus red-band needle blightĮstriado roio de las aciculas del pino manchas circulares del caqui manchas circulares del palosanto

Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet 1968 (anamorph).

Dothistroma pini Hulbary 1941 (anamorph).

We will review progress achieved in breeding for resistance, briefly describe problems faced, and discuss strategies for integrated genetic improvement for common blight resistance for cultivar development.

However, Andean and Middle American common bean cultivars with high levels of combined resistance to less-aggressive and aggressive bacterial strains in all aerial plant parts are not available. Also, molecular markers with or without direct disease screening have been used for breeding for resistance. Backcross, pedigree, gamete, and recurrent selection methods or their modifications singularly or in combination have been used to introgress and pyramid resistance. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathogenic variation, germplasm screening methods, identification of resistant germplasm, genetics of resistance, identifying and mapping molecular markers linked with resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), introgressing resistance from the secondary and tertiary gene pools, transferring resistance from the Middle American common bean landraces to Andean cultivars and germplasm lines, and pyramiding or combining resistance from diverse germplasm sources into common bean. Common blight resistant germplasm are found in the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools of the common bean. Use of resistant cultivars is crucial for its effective, economical, and environment friendly integrated management and control. Common blight is a major bacterial disease causing >40% seed yield and quality losses in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide.

Blight synonym